Beginnings of the Internet
How
Computers Learned to Talk to Each Other
The Beginnings
n
When computers were
developed in the 1950’s they did not talk to each other. This all changed
in 1969.
n
APRANET was a large-area
network created by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA).
n
On Labor Day, 1969, the
first message was sent via telephone lines from one computer at UCLA to another
computer at Stanford.
n
This was the beginning
of the internet.
Electronic Communication
n
SENDER
– The computer that
is sending the information
n
RECEIVER
– The computer
receiving the message
n
CHANNEL
–
The media that carries
or transports the message (phone wire, coaxial cable, fiber or microwave)
n
PROTOCOL
–
The rules that govern
the transfer of data.
Networks
n
A network is a
group of two or more computers linked together via communication devices.
n
Computers on a network
are called nodes or clients.
n
Computers that allocate
or distribute resources are called servers.
Development of the Internet
n
Although no one person
can claim to have started the internet, the early origins can be traced back to
that first message sent from UCLA to Stanford via the ARPANET.
n
Over the years, the internet has grown from just a network to allow scientists
to share information on military and scientific research.
Timeline information
n
1972 - email
n
1989, more than 100,000
host computers were attached to ARPANET
n
1990, ARPANET ceased to
exist
n
The Inter-Net-Network
became known as the Internet
n
1992 - World Wide Web
came into being
n
1993 World’s first
browser, Mosaic was released. Browsers provide a graphical interface for the Internet.
TCP/IP
n
All brands and models of
computers can work on the internet due to interpolarity.
n
Computers on the
internet communicate with each other using a set of protocols called TCP/IP
n
Transmission Control
Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
n
Protocol is a standard format for trasmitting data.
How They Talk
n
TCP/IP allows two
computers to connect and exchange information
n
A host computer allows
you to access the information it contains.
n
By typing in a specific
address, you are able to connect to the computer.
n
The TCP/IP takes over
and establishes a connection to the other computer.
n
Similar to putting an
address on a letter and having the Post Office deliver it to the right address.
Tomorrow…
n
The Web vs. the Net
n
History of Computers
n
More keyboarding.