Beginnings of the Internet

How Computers Learned to Talk to Each Other

 

The Beginnings

n    When computers were developed in the 1950’s they did not talk to each other. This all changed in 1969.

n    APRANET was a large-area network created by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA).

n    On Labor Day, 1969, the first message was sent via telephone lines from one computer at UCLA to another computer at Stanford.

n    This was the beginning of the internet.

Electronic Communication

n  SENDER

  The computer that is sending the information

n  RECEIVER

  The computer receiving the message

n   CHANNEL

  The media that carries or transports the message (phone wire, coaxial cable, fiber or microwave)

n   PROTOCOL

  The rules that govern the transfer of data.

Networks

n  A network is a group of two or more computers linked together via communication devices.

n    Computers on a network are called nodes or clients.

n    Computers that allocate or distribute resources are called servers.

Development of the Internet

n   Although no one person can claim to have started the internet, the early origins can be traced back to that first message sent from UCLA to Stanford via the ARPANET.

n  Over the years, the internet has grown  from just a network to allow scientists to share information on military and scientific research.

Timeline information

n    1972 - email

n    1989, more than 100,000 host computers were attached to ARPANET

n    1990, ARPANET ceased to exist

n    The Inter-Net-Network became known as the Internet

n   1992 - World Wide Web came into being

n   1993 World’s first browser, Mosaic was released. Browsers provide a graphical interface for the Internet.

TCP/IP

n    All brands and models of computers can work on the internet due to interpolarity.

n    Computers on the internet communicate with each other using a set of protocols called TCP/IP       

n   Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

n   Protocol is a standard format for trasmitting data.

How They Talk

n    TCP/IP allows two computers to connect and exchange information

n    A host computer allows you to access the information it contains.

n    By typing in a specific address, you are able to connect to the computer.

n   The TCP/IP takes over and establishes a connection to the other computer.

n   Similar to putting an address on a letter and having the Post Office deliver it to the right address.

Tomorrow…

n The Web vs. the Net

n History of Computers

n More keyboarding.